Federal, state, and conservation issues collected mint, signed, and used.
Identification rule: record what is visible before assigning a catalog number or value.
What to record
- issuing country or authority and postal purpose
- design, denomination, inscriptions, color, and format
- paper, watermark, perforation or separation method
- mint or used state, gum or cancellation, and all faults
What commonly causes mistakes
- assuming age or an unusual appearance means rarity
- matching only the portrait or color while ignoring paper and perforation
- confusing damage, missing teeth, fading, or staining with a production variety
- using an asking price or unrelated certificate as value evidence
A practical research sequence
- Photograph front and back at high resolution.
- Transcribe every inscription and record denomination, color, format, and cancellation.
- Narrow the catalog family using paper, watermark, perforation, printing, and issue date.
- Inspect condition and alterations before comparing certified or sold examples.
Condition and value
Value depends on exact identity, condition, centering, gum or cancellation, faults, certification, demand, and a defensible comparison set. A famous design does not automatically make an individual example rare.
Compare current collector listings
Use listings to study descriptions, scans, certificates, and market supply. Asking prices are not completed-sale evidence.
Compare collector listings